Diminished complexity of heart rate time series in adolescents facing negative events during everyday life / Complejidad reducida de las series temporales de frecuencia cardíaca en adolescentes afrontando eventos negativos diarios

Physiological systems need to be flexible in order to adapt to a changing environment. Negative events, however, induce flexibility reductions thatseem necessary for coping purposes. To date, studies have measured linear variability and entropy in heart output, but none have examined thescaling properties of the cardiac system when individuals deal with stressful everyday events. This study was aimed at testing the hypothesis thatthe complexity of the cardiac dynamics is diminished when individuals face negative events in real life. Cardiac variability (linear) and complexity(nonlinear), as well as discomfort and effectiveness of event-related emotion regulation (EER) were ecologically examined in N = 65 adolescents(Mage = 14.80 years; SDage = 0.86; 55.38% girls). Repeated Measures MANOVAs revealed higher heart rate (HR) and lower cardiac complexity(higher long-term scaling exponent, p = .029; lower Fractal Dimension FD, p = .030; and lower Sample Entropy, p = .001) during EER in comparisonwith non-emotion regulation conditions (NER). Wilcoxon non-parametric tests revealed higher Hurst exponents (p = .006) in EER than in NER. Nosignificant correlations were found between discomfort and cardiac variables although the higher the cardiac entropy in NER conditions, the greaterthe self-rated effectiveness of EER (p < .050). EER processes involved increases in HR as well as scaling and FD changes that might reflect thereal-time scale’s predominance in HR output when adolescents are dealing with negative events.(AU)

Los sistemas fisiológicos necesitan ser flexibles para adaptarse a un entorno cambiante. Sin embargo, los eventos negativos disminuyen dicha flexibilidad que parecenecesaria para lograr un afrontamiento exitoso. Hasta entonces, los estudios han medido la variabilidad lineal y la entropía de la frecuencia cardíaca(FC), pero ninguno ha examinado las propiedades de escala del sistema cardíaco cuando se afrontan acontecimientos estresantes diarios. Esteestudio investigó si la complejidad cardíaca disminuye cuando los individuos se enfrentan a eventos negativos cotidianos. La variabilidad cardíaca(lineal) y la complejidad (no lineal), así como el malestar y la eficacia de los episodios de regulación emocional (EER) se examinaron ecológica-mente en N = 65 adolescentes (Medad = 14,80; DEedad = 0,86; 55,38% chicas). Los MANOVA de medidas repetidas revelaron una mayor FC y unamenor complejidad cardíaca (mayor exponente de escala a largo plazo, p = .029; menor dimensión fractal DF, p = .030; y menor entropía muestral,p = .001) durante los EER en comparación con las condiciones de no regulación emocional (NER). Las pruebas de Wilcoxon revelaron mayoresexponentes de Hurst (p = .006) en EER que en NER. No hubo correlaciones significativas entre el malestar y las variables cardíacas, pero a mayorentropía cardíaca en NER, mayor eficacia autocalificada en EER (p < .050). Los EER implicaron aumentos en la FC, así como cambios en la escalay en la DF que podrían reflejar el predominio de la escala en tiempo real del sistema cardíaco cuando los adolescentes afrontan eventos negativos.(AU)

Evaluating Stable and Situational Expressions of Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder: A Multimethod Experience Sampling Case Study.

Passive-aggressive (PA) personality traits have received increasing attention in the research literature and are known to interfere with treatment engagement and recovery. Theoretical disagreements about PA, combined with its omission from the DSM-5, have left open many questions regarding its dynamic structure and temporal stability. Our goal in the present case study was to use a multimethod, experience sampling assessment framework for a single research subject enrolled in long-term residential treatment who exhibited significant PA traits to provide a complex portrait of daily interpersonal behaviors and experiences across a range of contexts. We review data gathered over a year of residential treatment to identify changes in self and interpersonal functioning and to deepen our understanding of the dynamic motivational structure of PA over time. Our findings expand understanding of both PA dynamics and provide support for integrating multimethod assessment into routine clinical practice.

Trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP): características, etiología y tratamiento / Borderline personality disorder (BPD): features, etiology and treatment

El trastorno límite de personalidad (TLP) se ha considerado como el paradigma de trastorno severo de la personalidad. Los principales síntomas son el comportamiento suicida, la autolesión no suicida, el comportamiento agresivo y la reactividad emocional. El inicio del TLP depende de la combinación de factores genéticos y ambientales, especialmente de la vulnerabilidad biológica y la exposición a experiencias traumáticas durante la infancia. Entre sus características destacan las alteraciones en la percepción de posibles amenazas y rechazo social, las interacciones emoción-cognición y alteraciones de la cognición social, la importancia del estrés social y la mentalización. En el aspecto neurobiológico destacan alteraciones del volumen de diversas estructuras cerebrales, metabolismo cerebral, alteraciones funcionales y de la conectividad funcional. Los trastornos psiquiátricos comórbidos más frecuentes en los pacientes con TLP son ansiedad, trastornos afectivos, trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, trastorno de estrés postraumático y abuso de sustancias. En lo que se refiere al tratamiento, destacan las técnicas psicológicas, como la terapia conductual dialéctica y la EMDR, pero es frecuente la utilización de fármacos eficaces para síntomas específicos, como agresividad/hostilidad o falta de control de los impulsos

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is considered the most severe personality disorder. Principal symptoms are suicidal behavior, non-suicidal injuries, aggressive behavior and emotional hyperreactivity. BPD onset depends of the combination of genetics and environmental factors, specially on biological vulnerability and exposition to traumatic experiences during childhood. The main features are threatened feelings, social rejection, interactions emotion-cognition and social cognition disorders, social stress and mentalization difficulties. About neurobiological aspects, we can highlight disorders in brain structures, brain metabolism, functional and functional connectivity. The most common comobird deseases in pacients with BPD are anxiety, affective disorders, attention deficit and hiperactivity disorder (ADHD), post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse. According to treatment, psychological techniques are employed such as dialectical behavioral technique, EMDR. Usually, we can also associate drugs for controlling specific symptoms such as aggressivity o impulse control disabilities

Interpersonal Problems Associated With Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder.

With a controversial history, passive-aggressive personality disorder (PAPD) was eventually removed from the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. Despite its demise from diagnostic nomenclature, clinicians continue to regard it as a clinically relevant construct, and some researchers argue for its resurrection. Toward this end, it is important to empirically demonstrate the relevance of the passive-aggressive personality construct, including demonstrating its association with impaired functioning. Consistent with contemporary emphasis on interpersonal functioning in personality pathology, the current study aims to explore interpersonal problems that are associated with PAPD in a large clinical sample. Before beginning treatment, 240 patients completed assessments of personality psychopathology and interpersonal functioning. Results showed that higher levels of PAPD were significantly associated with greater level of interpersonal distress, especially regarding interpersonal problems of a vindictive nature. The findings are consistent with clinical descriptions of the core conflictual relational issues of patients with PAPD and lend some support to further considering PAPD as a valid diagnostic construct.

The centrality of affective instability and identity in Borderline Personality Disorder: Evidence from network analysis.

We argue that the series of traits characterizing Borderline Personality Disorder samples do not weigh equally. In this regard, we believe that network approaches employed recently in Personality and Psychopathology research to provide information about the differential relationships among symptoms would be useful to test our claim. To our knowledge, this approach has never been applied to personality disorders. We applied network analysis to the nine Borderline Personality Disorder traits to explore their relationships in two samples drawn from university students and clinical populations (N = 1317 and N = 96, respectively). We used the Fused Graphical Lasso, a technique that allows estimating networks from different populations separately while considering their similarities and differences. Moreover, we examined centrality indices to determine the relative importance of each symptom in each network. The general structure of the two networks was very similar in the two samples, although some differences were detected. Results indicate the centrality of mainly affective instability, identity, and effort to avoid abandonment aspects in Borderline Personality Disorder. Results are consistent with the new DSM Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. We discuss them in terms of implications for therapy.

Patients with challenging behaviors: Communication strategies.

Some patients have behaviors that make interactions unpleasant, sometimes contributing to suboptimal outcomes and physician burnout. Understanding common difficult personality types can help doctors plan effective strategies for dealing with each, resulting in more effective communication, less stress, and better health outcomes.

Accurate phenotyping: Reconciling approaches through Bayesian model averaging.

Genetic research into complex diseases is frequently hindered by a lack of clear biomarkers for phenotype ascertainment. Phenotypes for such diseases are often identified on the basis of clinically defined criteria; however such criteria may not be suitable for understanding the genetic composition of the diseases. Various statistical approaches have been proposed for phenotype definition; however our previous studies have shown that differences in phenotypes estimated using different approaches have substantial impact on subsequent analyses. Instead of obtaining results based upon a single model, we propose a new method, using Bayesian model averaging to overcome problems associated with phenotype definition. Although Bayesian model averaging has been used in other fields of research, this is the first study that uses Bayesian model averaging to reconcile phenotypes obtained using multiple models. We illustrate the new method by applying it to simulated genetic and phenotypic data for Kofendred personality disorder-an imaginary disease with several sub-types. Two separate statistical methods were used to identify clusters of individuals with distinct phenotypes: latent class analysis and grade of membership. Bayesian model averaging was then used to combine the two clusterings for the purpose of subsequent linkage analyses. We found that causative genetic loci for the disease produced higher LOD scores using model averaging than under either individual model separately. We attribute this improvement to consolidation of the cores of phenotype clusters identified using each individual method.

The relevance of goal-orientation for motivation in high versus low proneness to negative symptoms.

BACKGROUND: The psychological mechanisms of why individuals with negative symptoms fail to initiate and perform goal-directed behavior are not well understood. Drawing on the reward-sensitivity and expectancy-value theories, we investigate whether negative symptom-like experiences (NSLE) are associated with generating less approach goals (aimed at reaching a positive outcome) and more avoidance goals (aimed at avoiding a negative outcome) and whether this type of goal-orientation explains motivational deficits (i.e., perceiving goals as less feasible and important and being less committed to them). METHODS: Based on the continuum model of negative symptoms, we identified two parallelized extreme groups with high and low levels of NSLE (n = 37, respectively) in an ad-hoc online-sample of healthy individuals (N = 262) using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. In an online study, these participants were instructed to generate approach and avoidance goals and to rate each goal in terms of feasibility, importance and goal-commitment. RESULTS: Participants with low levels of NSLE generated more approach than avoidance goals. Participants with high levels of NSLE showed no such difference due to increased numbers of avoidance goals. Furthermore, avoidance goal-orientation predicted reduced subjective feasibility and importance of goals and less goal-commitment. LIMITATIONS: Results are based on a healthy sample rather than people with psychosis. No longitudinal or behavioral data for goal-striving was collected. CONCLUSION: People with NSLE generate more avoidance goals than controls. This is dysfunctional because it correlates with feeling less committed to reach one's goals. Optimizing goal-setting could be a promising starting-point for psychological interventions aimed at reducing negative symptoms.

Personality correlates of passive-aggressiveness: a NEO-PI-R domain and facet analysis of the HDS Leisurely scale.

BACKGROUND: This study looked at the relationship between "bright-side" and "dark-side" personality variables by focusing on the controversial trait of Passive-Aggressiveness. Around 4800 British adults completed the NEO-PI-R which measures the Big Five Personality factors at the Domain and the Facet level, as well as the Hogan Development Survey (HDS) which has a measure of Passive-Aggressiveness called Leisurely. AIM: To determine to what extent the well-established Big Five traits measured at both domain and facet level can account for the variance in a measure of passive-aggressiveness. FINDINGS: Correlations and regressions indicated that Leisurely individuals are introverted, closed-minded Neurotics, with particular needs for order and deliberation. Neuroticism facets accounted for most of the variance. Overall, the Big Five measured at Domain and Facet level accounted for relatively small amounts of variance, suggesting the divergent validity of this measure of PAPD. CONCLUSIONS: This scale measures something that is not captured by comprehensive taxonomies of personality. Limitations and implications for clinical practice are noted.

Nuevos tratamientos farmacológicos en el TDAH. A propósito de un caso clínico / New pharmacological treatments for ADHD. A case report

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo más prevalentes en la infancia que frecuentemente se mantiene en la adolescencia y edad adulta. Los psicoestimulantes son generalmente el tratamiento farmacológico de primera línea para el TDAH, aunque alguno de estos pacientes no consiguen una remisión sintomática completa, especialmente los que tienen comorbilidad con el Trastorno Negativista Desafiante (TND). En estos casos, hay cada vez una mayor evidencia de que la combinación de psicoestimulantes y medicamentos no específicos para manejar el TDAH puede ser útil. La Guanfacina de liberación prolongada (GXR, Guanfacine Extended Release), un nuevo fármaco no psicoestimulante que actúa como agonista alfa 2 adrenérgico, ha sido aprobado recientemente por la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos como un nuevo tratamiento para el TDAH. En España se ha empezado a comercializar a finales de enero 2017. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la eficacia y tolerabilidad de la GXR administrada conjuntamente con dimesilato de lisdexanfetamina en un paciente con Trastorno por Déficit de atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) y Trastorno Negativista Desafiante(TND)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, which shows diagnostic persistence and morbidity into adulthood. Psychostimulants are generally first-line pharmacotherapy for ADHD, but some patients do not achieve symptomatic remission, especially those who have Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) comorbidity. In those cases, there is growing evidence that a combination of psychostimulants and nonscheduled medications to manage ADHD, may be useful. The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist guanfacine extended release (GXR), a non-stimulant treatment, has recently been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as new therapeutic option for ADHD. In Spain it has been available from the end of January 2017. The aim of this study is to test the efficacy and tolerability of a combined therapy of psychostimulant (lisdexamfetamine) and GXR in a patient with ADHD and ODD

Negativismo, ansiedad y retraimiento social como predictores de la sintomatología del déficit de atención con Hiperactividad / Negativity, anxiety and social withdrawal as predictors of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Se analiza la capacidad predictora de la ansiedad, la socialización, la autoestima y el negativismo respecto a los déficit de atención e hiperactividad, considerando en primer lugar, población normal y, posteriormente, individuos con sospecha de déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Han participado 259 niños (M=13,05; DT=1,92) y 241 niñas (M=12,90; DT=2,04). Se han diferenciado dos grupos a partir de la información aportada por los profesores a través de la "Escala para la evaluación del TDAH" (ADHD Rating Scale-IV; DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos y Reid, 1998). Los resultados muestran índices de varianza explicada entre el 33,5%, F(6, 349)= 30,854; p= 0,008, de la puntuación en inatención y el 45,2%, F(3,102)= 29,901; p= 0,008, en sintomatología combinada. Destacan síntomas de negativismo, ansiedad estado y retraimiento social, como las variables más relevantes con tendencia a incrementar las puntuaciones en inatención e impulsividad. La autoestima escolar y consideración con los demás resultan las principales variables moderadoras de la sintomatología hiperactiva

Predictive ability of anxiety, socialization, self-esteem and negativism for attentional deficiencies and hyperactivity was analyzed, considering firstly a normal population and then individuals with suspected attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 259 children (M= 13.05, SD= 1.92) and 241 girls (M= 12.90, SD= 2.04) have participated in this study. Two groups have been differentiated from the information provided by teachers through the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (DuPaul, Power, Anastopoulos y Reid, 1998). The results show variance explained rates between 33.5%, F(6, 349)= 30.854, p= 008, inattention score and 45.2%, F(3,102)= 29.901, p= .008, combined symptoms. Symptoms of negativism, state anxiety and social withdrawal stand out, as the most relevant variables that tend to increase scores on inattention and impulsivity. The school esteem and consideration to others are the main moderating variables of overactive symptoms

Psicopatía, adicciones, violencia interpersonal y conducta antisocial, una relación mixta / Psychopathy, Addictions, Interpersonal Violence and Antisocial Behavior, a mixed relationship

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Validity Evidences for the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory in Outpatient Psychiatric Sample / Evidências de Validade do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade em Amostra Psiquiátrica / Evidencias de Validez del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad en Muestra Psiquiátrica

The Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) was developed in Brazil for the assessment of pathological personality traits. This study aimed to seek validity evidence for the dimensions of IDCP based on external criteria, psychiatric diagnosis. We examined the profile in IDCP of 105 psychotherapy outpatients, previously diagnosed with personality disorders. The profiles were compared with the profile of the normative non-clinical sample and we conducted the repeated measures analysis to investigate whether the IDCP is able to discriminate consistent profiles for different diagnoses and compared the general population. The results suggest validity evidence based on external criteria for the IDCP dimensions and points to the clinical effectiveness of the instrument.(AU)

Foi desenvolvido no Brasil o Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP) para avaliação das características patológicas da personalidade. O presente estudo buscou evidências de validade com base em critério externo, diagnóstico psiquiátrico, das dimensões do IDCP. Examinou-se o perfil no IDCP de 105 pacientes de ambulatório de psicoterapia, previamente diagnosticados com transtornos da personalidade. Comparou-se o perfil no IDCP da amostra clínica com o perfil da amostra normativa não clínica e realizou-se o procedimento de análise de perfis por medidas repetidas visando investigar se o IDCP é capaz de discriminar perfis coerentes para os distintos diagnósticos e em comparação à população geral. Os resultados sugerem evidências de validade com base no critério externo para as dimensões do IDCP, bem como aponta para a utilidade clínica do instrumento.(AU)

El Inventario Dimensional Clínico del Personalidad (IDCP) fue desarrollado en Brasil para evaluación del el IDCP prueba. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo buscar evidencias de validez en base a criterios externos, diagnóstico psiquiátrico, a un instrumento para la evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad típica síntomas, el IDCP. Examinamos el perfil en IDCP de 105 pacientes de la clínica de psicoterapia, previamente diagnosticados con trastornos de la personalidad. Los perfiles se compararon con el perfil de la muestra no clínica normativa y que se llevó a cabo el análisis de medidas repetidas para investigar si el IDCP es capaz de discriminar los perfiles consistentes para diferentes diagnósticos en comparación con la población general. Los resultados sugieren evidencia de validez sobre la base de criterios externos a dimensiones del IDCP y puntos para la utilidad clínica del instrumento.(AU)

Validity evidences for the dimensional clinical personality inventory in outpatient psychiatric sample / Evidências de validade do inventário dimensional clínico da personalidade em amostra psiquiátrica / Evidencias de validez del inventario dimensional clínico de personalidad en muestra psiquiátrica

The Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) was developed in Brazil for the assessment of pathological personality traits. This study aimed to seek validity evidence for the dimensions of IDCP based on external criteria, psychiatric diagnosis. We examined the profile in IDCP of 105 psychotherapy outpatients, previously diagnosed with personality disorders. The profiles were compared with the profile of the normative non-clinical sample and we conducted the repeated measures analysis to investigate whether the IDCP is able to discriminate consistent profiles for different diagnoses and compared the general population. The results suggest validity evidence based on external criteria for the IDCP dimensions and points to the clinical effectiveness of the instrument.

Foi desenvolvido no Brasil o Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP) para avaliação das características patológicas da personalidade. O presente estudo buscou evidências de validade com base em critério externo, diagnóstico psiquiátrico, das dimensões do IDCP. Examinou-se o perfil no IDCP de 105 pacientes de ambulatório de psicoterapia, previamente diagnosticados com transtornos da personalidade. Comparou-se o perfil no IDCP da amostra clínica com o perfil da amostra normativa não clínica e realizou-se o procedimento de análise de perfis por medidas repetidas visando investigar se o IDCP é capaz de discriminar perfis coerentes para os distintos diagnósticos e em comparação à população geral. Os resultados sugerem evidências de validade com base no critério externo para as dimensões do IDCP, bem como aponta para a utilidade clínica do instrumento.

El Inventario Dimensional Clínico del Personalidad (IDCP) fue desarrollado en Brasil para evaluación del el IDCP prueba. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo buscar evidencias de validez en base a criterios externos, diagnóstico psiquiátrico, a un instrumento para la evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad típica síntomas, el IDCP. Examinamos el perfil en IDCP de 105 pacientes de la clínica de psicoterapia, previamente diagnosticados con trastornos de la personalidad. Los perfiles se compararon con el perfil de la muestra no clínica normativa y que se llevó a cabo el análisis de medidas repetidas para investigar si el IDCP es capaz de discriminar los perfiles consistentes para diferentes diagnósticos en comparación con la población general. Los resultados sugieren evidencia de validez sobre la base de criterios externos a dimensiones del IDCP y puntos para la utilidad clínica del instrumento.

Revision of the Dependency Dimension of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory / Revisão da Dimensão Dependência do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade / Revisión de la Dimensión Dependencia del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad

The assessment of personality in pathologic levels is a field that requires investment. This study aimed to review the Dependency Dimension of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP). The study was conducted through the development of new items based on the literature, and by investigating the psychometric properties in a sample of 199 participants, aged between 18 and 54 years (M = 26.37, SD = 8.13), 71.4% female, who responded to the IDCP, the NEO-PI-R, and the PID-5. The first step resulted in 57 items that were tested psychometrically. Then, the dimension remained with 18 items, with internal consistency of .89, and three factors: Self-devaluation, Avoidance of abandonment, and Insecurity, with internal consistency between .79 and .91. The expected correlations coefficients were found between the Dependency dimension and the correlated dimensions and facets of the NEO-PI-R and PID-5. The results evidence the adequacy of the revised dimension.(AU)

A avaliação da personalidade em níveis patológicos é um campo que demanda investimentos. Esse estudo teve como objetivo a revisão da dimensão Dependência do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP). Este trabalho foi realizado por meio da elaboração de novos itens com base na literatura e pela investigação das propriedades psicométricas em uma amostra de 199 participantes, com idades entre 18 e 54 anos (M = 26,37; DP = 8,13), sendo 71,4% mulheres, que responderam ao IDCP, ao NEO-PI-R e ao PID-5. A primeira etapa resultou em 57 itens que foram testados psicometricamente. Na segunda, a dimensão foi finalizada com 18 itens, com consistência interna de 0,89 e três fatores, sendo Autodesvalorização, Evitação do abandono e Insegurança, com coeficientes de consistência interna entre 0,79 e 0,91. Foram encontradas correlações esperadas entre a dimensão dependência e dimensões correlatas do NEO-PI-R e do PID-5. Os resultados evidenciam adequação da dimensão revisada.(AU)

La evaluación de la personalidad en niveles patológicos es un campo que requiere inversiones. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la dimensión Dependencia del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad (IDCP). Se llevó a cabo mediante el desarrollo de nuevos ítems basados en la literatura, y mediante la investigación de las propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de 199 participantes, entre 18 y 54 años (M = 26.37, DE = 8,13), con 71,4% de mujeres, que respondieron al IDCP, al NEO-PI-R y al PID-5. El primer paso se tradujo en 57 ítems. En el segundo, la escala se completó con 18 ítems, consistencia interna de .89, en tres factores, Auto-devaluación, Evitación del abandono y Inseguridad, con coeficientes de consistencia interna entre .79 y .91. Fueron encontrados correlaciones esperadas entre la dimensión Dependencia y dimensiones correlacionadas del NEO-PI-R y del PID-5. Los resultados muestran la adecuación de la dimensión revisada.(AU)

Revision of the Dependency Dimension of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory / Revisão da Dimensão Dependência do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade / Revisión de la Dimensión Dependencia del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad

The assessment of personality in pathologic levels is a field that requires investment. This study aimed to review the Dependency Dimension of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP). The study was conducted through the development of new items based on the literature, and by investigating the psychometric properties in a sample of 199 participants, aged between 18 and 54 years (M = 26.37, SD = 8.13), 71.4% female, who responded to the IDCP, the NEO-PI-R, and the PID-5. The first step resulted in 57 items that were tested psychometrically. Then, the dimension remained with 18 items, with internal consistency of .89, and three factors: Self-devaluation, Avoidance of abandonment, and Insecurity, with internal consistency between .79 and .91. The expected correlations coefficients were found between the Dependency dimension and the correlated dimensions and facets of the NEO-PI-R and PID-5. The results evidence the adequacy of the revised dimension...

A avaliação da personalidade em níveis patológicos é um campo que demanda investimentos. Esse estudo teve como objetivo a revisão da dimensão Dependência do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP). Este trabalho foi realizado por meio da elaboração de novos itens com base na literatura e pela investigação das propriedades psicométricas em uma amostra de 199 participantes, com idades entre 18 e 54 anos (M = 26,37; DP = 8,13), sendo 71,4% mulheres, que responderam ao IDCP, ao NEO-PI-R e ao PID-5. A primeira etapa resultou em 57 itens que foram testados psicometricamente. Na segunda, a dimensão foi finalizada com 18 itens, com consistência interna de 0,89 e três fatores, sendo Autodesvalorização, Evitação do abandono e Insegurança, com coeficientes de consistência interna entre 0,79 e 0,91. Foram encontradas correlações esperadas entre a dimensão dependência e dimensões correlatas do NEO-PI-R e do PID-5. Os resultados evidenciam adequação da dimensão revisada...

La evaluación de la personalidad en niveles patológicos es un campo que requiere inversiones. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la dimensión Dependencia del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad (IDCP). Se llevó a cabo mediante el desarrollo de nuevos ítems basados en la literatura, y mediante la investigación de las propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de 199 participantes, entre 18 y 54 años (M = 26.37, DE = 8,13), con 71,4% de mujeres, que respondieron al IDCP, al NEO-PI-R y al PID-5. El primer paso se tradujo en 57 ítems. En el segundo, la escala se completó con 18 ítems, consistencia interna de .89, en tres factores, Auto-devaluación, Evitación del abandono y Inseguridad, con coeficientes de consistencia interna entre .79 y .91. Fueron encontrados correlaciones esperadas entre la dimensión Dependencia y dimensiones correlacionadas del NEO-PI-R y del PID-5. Los resultados muestran la adecuación de la dimensión revisada...

Relationships among depressive, passive-aggressive, sadistic and self-defeating personality disorder features with suicidal ideation and reasons for living among older adults.

OBJECTIVES: Suicide among older adults is a major public health problem in the USA. In our recent study, we examined relationships between the 10 standard DSM-5 personality disorders (PDs) and suicidal ideation, and found that the PD dimensions explained a majority (55%) of the variance in suicidal ideation. To extend this line of research, the purpose of the present follow-up study was to explore relationships between the four PDs that previously were included in prior versions of the DSM (depressive, passive-aggressive, sadistic, and self-defeating) with suicidal ideation and reasons for living. METHOD: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 109; age range = 60-95 years; 61% women; 88% European-American) completed anonymously the Coolidge Axis II Inventory, the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL), and the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (GSIS). RESULTS: Correlational analyses revealed that simple relationships between PD scales with GSIS subscales were generally stronger than with RFL subscales. Regarding GSIS subscales, all four PD scales had medium-to-large positive relationships, with the exception of sadistic PD traits, which was unrelated to the death ideation subscale. Multiple regression analyses showed that the amount of explained variance for the GSIS (48%) was higher than for the RFL (11%), and this finding was attributable to the high predictive power of depressive PD. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that depressive PD features are strongly related to increased suicidal thinking and lowered resilience to suicide among older adults. Assessment of depressive PD features should also be especially included in the assessment of later-life suicidal risk.

Behavioral problems and depressive symptomatology as predictors of child-to-parent violence / Problemas conductuales y sintomatología depresiva como predictores de la violencia filio-parental

The number of complaints filed by parents against their children nationwide has increased dramatically, particularly since 2005. The aim of this study was to examine whether young offenders who had been charged for violence against their parents presented different psychological problems from youngsters charged with other types of offence and non-offenders. Data from 231 adolescents of both sexes aged 14 to 18 years and living in the Basque Country (Spain) were analyzed. Of these, 106 were offenders and the rest were from a community sample. Some of the offenders had been charged with child-to-parent violence (n= 59), while the rest of them had not (n= 47). Offenders who had assaulted or abused their parents presented more behavior problems outside home and more characteristics associated with depressive symptomatology than offenders of other types or non-offenders. Certain psychological problems in adolescents could precipitate family conflict situations and leave parents unable to control their children. Findings highlight the need for offenders charged with child-to-parent violence to receive individual psychological therapy (AU)

El número de denuncias por maltrato presentadas por los padres contra sus hijos a nivel nacional se ha incrementado de forma alarmante sobre todo a partir del año 2005. El objetivo de este estudio era comprobar si los menores infractores denunciados por maltrato a sus progenitores presentan diferentes problemas psicológicos que los infractores por otros delitos y los adolescentes no infractores. Para ello se analizaron los datos de 231 adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años del País Vasco (España) de ambos sexos, de los cuales 106 eran infractores y el resto procedía de la población general. Algunos de los infractores tenían delitos por violencia filio-parental (n= 59) mientras que el resto tenían delitos de otro tipo (n= 47). Los infractores que agreden a sus padres se caracterizan por presentar más problemas conductuales fuera del hogar y características asociadas a la sintomatología depresiva que los infractores por otros delitos o los que no son infractores. Determinados problemas psicológicos de los hijos podrían precipitar situaciones de conflicto en el seno familiar y los progenitores verse incapaces de controlarlos. Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de que los infractores por violencia filio-parental reciban terapia psicológica individual (AU)